Neanderthal wooden tools from Spain found preserved in stone

Dissolved rock precipitated around the tools, which then decayed. The Stone Age owes its name to tools that survived to our time. The material early humans worked with most, though, was probably wood because it is so much easier to process. Unfortunately, we know very little about Paleolithic woodwork…

What’s been driving Hawaii’s lava fountains?

Before the lava fountains started, the ground was expanding by half a meter a day. In most cases, hotspot-driven volcanism is relatively sedate, with lava flowing down mountainsides slowly enough that people can walk out of its way. But in a number of locations—Mount Etna, Hawaii, Iceland—lava gets expelled…

Volkswagen’s replacement for the ID.4 crossover is here

​The new EV’s digital cockpit can mimic instrument displays from VWs of old.  Volkswagen’s ID.4 is no more. The midsize crossover debuted in 2021, one of VW’s first new electric vehicles designed in the wake of dieselgate. A year later, the company began local production in Chattanooga, Tennessee, and…

Feds get ready to rewrite car headlight rules

​Reducing glare and allowing modern light technologies will be two goals.  One of the regulations that make vehicles in the US different from those in Europe or Japan is our headlight rules. They’re laid out in the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS), and changing them is—or used to…

RIP Margaret Hamilton, whose code saved the Apollo 11 Moon landing

Hamilton also coined the term “software engineering” and founded two successful software companies. Margaret Hamilton, who coined the term “software engineering” and led the development of onboard flight software for NASA’s Apollo program in the 1960s, died last week at the age of 90. A recipient of the Presidential…