Three key vital signs make up the “urban pulse” of a city

Cities are dynamic, not static grids, and urbanization is a “spiky,” cyclical, and asynchronous process. People often speak metaphorically of the heartbeat or pulse of a city, but according to the authors of a new paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, cities do indeed…

Commonwealth Fusion makes the physics case for its 400 MW reactor

Five peer-reviewed papers update the design and model its expected output. The scientific community has a plan for achieving fusion power. It involves getting a better understanding of how to control fusion in a tokamak-style reactor using the currently under construction ITER reactor, and then using that knowledge to…

Gold isn’t inert, it just has bodyguards protecting it

Individual gold atoms move around to form oxidation-proof structures. Gold is weird. It’s one of the few metals that doesn’t really oxidize. Even silver and copper—from the same column of the periodic table—form weak oxides. Naively, you might expect that gold would tarnish just like silver. Gold also sits…