Early land animals skipped the tadpole phase

Current amphibian development may not have been typical of early land vertebrates. For decades, biologists thought that early tetrapods, ancient vertebrates that started conquering the land over 300 million years ago, developed like modern amphibians—beginning their lives as purely aquatic tadpoles and then metamorphosing into terrestrial adults. “A lot…

Hunter-gatherers in Siberia died of a plague outbreak 5,500 years ago

We can’t blame the Neolithic Transition for the plague anymore. Plague swept through groups of hunter-gatherers in southeastern Siberia 5,500 years ago, leaving dozens dead in its wake—with DNA from Yersinia pestis bacteria still trapped inside their teeth. University of Oxford ancient DNA researcher Ruairidh Macleod and his colleagues…