Small undersea volcanoes may unleash outsized tsunamis

Post-eruption imaging of the Hunga caldera gives new details of its collapse. Krakatau, a volcanic island in Indonesia, killed more than 30,000 people when it erupted in 1883. One might assume that volcanic debris posed the major threat, yet many of the victims died from a tsunami caused by…

T. rex teeth indicate it ran as warm as an elephant

Isotope ratios provide a hint that the giants were actively managing temperatures. For most of the last century, T. rex was pictured as a sluggish, tail-dragging reptile that had to warm up in the sun before it could go anywhere. Then, further research changed that view, replacing it with…

Finding the cells that put our brain to sleep

Rare cells with widespread connectivity seem to be able to trigger sleep. For a long time, sleep research has treated the cerebral cortex as a passive follower reacting to signals from the deep brain. “Usually, sleep is associated with being controlled by subcortical regions,” said Geoffrey Terral, a neuroscientist…